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Acne
Description
Acne vulgaris, commonly known as Acne is a chronic skin disease that occurs as a result of clogged hair follicles with oil or dead skin cells. Clogged hair follicles lead to pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, cysts, and nodules on the skin. It is a very common disease in teenagers because endocrine glands that control the oil glands of skin are functioning at their peak. It is not dangerous but may leave marks. Face, trunk, and back are common areas of acne development.
Causes
Acne is basically caused by clogging of follicles with oil or dead skin. The factors that trigger acne are:
- Family history of acne: Genetics is the main cause of acne. You have high risk of getting acne if your parents or siblings have it.
- Increased Androgen levels: Increased Androgen levels cause the oil glands to grow, leading to increased oil (sebum) production. Conditions that may increase androgen levels in body are: Puberty, menstruation, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and pregnancy.
- Bacteria: Cutibacterium acnes may play a role in development of acne.
- Diet: Food that increases glucose in your blood and milk can affect the severity of acne.
- Stress: Stress isn’t a direct cause of acne but may worsen the condition.
Risk factors
Following are the risk factors for acne:
- Puberty: Teenagers undergoing puberty experience hormonal changes that may increase their risk of developing acne.
- Family history: Acne runs in the family. If your parents or siblings have it you’re also likely to develop it.
- Pregnancy: Pregnancy may create an imbalance of hormones that may increase the risk of developing acne.
- Use of lotions: Use of oily lotions and creams may increase the risk of developing acne.
Symptoms
Acne is a very common disease, following symptoms may occur:
- Cysts
- Whiteheads (raised, white bumps on skin)
- Blackheads
- Nodules (large, solid, painful lumps)
- Scars
- Pustules (pimples with pus at tip)
- Papules (small, red, tender pimples).
Diagnosis
A dermatologist can usually make a diagnosis by examining the skin. However, your doctor may also need to ask a few questions in order to rule out other skin conditions. To determine the exact cause of the acne, some blood tests may also be prescribed to check the hormone levels.
Management
The goal of management is to relieve the symptoms of acne, it includes:
- Skincare: Clean your face with a non-drying soap gently, avoid harsh scrubbing, and remove makeup before sleeping.
- Diet: Take a diet that is low in carbohydrates. Drink plenty of fluids.
- Medicines: Medicines are used to relieve the symptoms and prevent complications. They include:
- Benzoyl Peroxide
- Antibiotics (Minocycline, Doxycycline, and Tetracycline)
- Retinoids
When to consult a doctor?
Consult your doctor if there is worsening of the condition, scarring after acne clears up, or if acne is causing you anxiety or depression.
Available Medicine for Acne
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