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Alzheimer's Disease
Description
It is a neurological disorder characterized with memory loss and cognitive deterioration due to death of brain cells. It is a progressive neurological disorder that worsens gradually over time. On the basis of severity Alzheimer’s is characterized into different stages, which are as follows:
- Stage 1: no symptoms
- Stage 2: early symptoms such as forgetfulness appear.
- Stage 3: mild impairments
- Stage 4: memory loss and inability to perform tasks is observed at this stage and Alzheimer’s is often diagnosed at this stage.
- Stage 5: moderate to severe symptoms appear
- Stage 6: help is required to carry out basic activities such as eating
- Stage 7: severe stage which in which loss of facial expressions and speech may be seen
Causes
Alzheimer's disease is caused when harmful parts of proteins join together to form clumps inside and outside the brain cells which disrupts the signaling between them and eventually lead to brain cell death.
Risk factors
Following risk factors may increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease:
1) Genetic causes (Down's syndrome, gene mutation of Psen1 or 2)
2) Risk increases as you age (people above the age of 80 are mostly affected)
3) Hereditary (if someone close in your family has it, you are more likely to develop it)
4) A head injury may increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease
5) Diabetics, heart patients and hypertensive (high blood pressure) patients have a high risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are as follows:
- Short term memory loss
- Sleeping issues
- Difficulty in communicating
- Being in a confused state
- Drastic mood changes
- Long term memory loss
- Paranoia and hallucinations
Sign and symptoms may worsen as proteins build up in the brain.
Diagnosis
- Your doctor may take a detailed history to evaluate health status, previous injuries and family history.
- Blood test, urine test and some other medical tests will be done to evaluate health conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure.
- For definitive diagnosis and to evaluate the cause of the disease, brain scans (CT scan and MRI) are advised.
Management
Unfortunately there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease.
Some medications may help keep symptoms from getting worse and treat symptoms like depression, anxiety, confusion, hallucinations. Following medicines may be prescribed:
- Fluoxetine
- Lorazepam
- Aripiprazole
- Sertraline
Another possible solution is the vaccine- It trains the body’s immune system beforehand to attack the harmful parts of proteins before they combine into clumps.
When to consult a doctor?
If forgetfulness is developing slowly and not altering any daily life activities, it is said to be a normal aging process, but if loss of memory occurs suddenly in a short period of time and causes sleep disturbances, wandering and problem remembering basic things, it increases the chance of the patient hurting themselves, so in this case a doctor should be consulted right away.
Available Medicine for Alzheimer's Disease
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