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Cervical cancer
Description
The cervix is a part of the uterus that serves as a passageway between the vagina and uterus. Cervical cancer results when there is abnormal growth of cells in the tissues.
Causes
Nearly all instances of cervical cancer develop as a result of the human papilloma virus (HPV). HPV is a sexually transmitted infection which develops into cervical cancer, if left untreated.
Risk factors
- Sexually transmitted infections like Chlamydia, Herpes may cause cervical cancer.
- Usage of contraceptives is a factor of cervical cancer.
- Early sexual experience increases the risk of cervical cancer.
- High number of pregnancies increases risk.
- Many sexual partners.
- Smoking
- Oral contraceptives use for five or more years.
- Weakened immune system because of diseases such as HIV.
Symptoms
Following are the alarming signs of cervical cancer:
- Unusual vaginal discharge
- Bleeding after menopause
- Unexplained weight loss
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding
- Discomfort while urination
- Pain in the legs
- Loss of bladder control
- Pain/bleeding after intercourse
- Back pain
- Constant fatigue
- Decreased appetite
- Heavier periods
Diagnosis
Routine screening for cervical abnormalities can detect early-stage cancer and precancerous conditions that could progress to invasive disease. This process begins with:
- Pap test also known as Pap smear. Cells are scraped from the cervix and examined under a microscope to check for disease or other problems.
- Cone biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. A large area of the tissue around the cervix is excised for examination.
- Vaccination can prevent HPV, which causes cervical cancer in some cases. The vaccination is the only way to prevent HPV.
Management
- DURING EARLY STAGE:
- Cryotherapy to freeze cancer cells.
- Loop electrosurgical excision uses electricity to kill and remove cells.
- DURING ADVANCED STAGE:
- Surgery to remove cancer tissue.
- Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to kill cancer cells.
When to consult a doctor?
- Visit a gynecologist if you experience the symptoms mentioned above
- Get screening done regularly and act quickly by consulting a doctor when symptoms appear. This will reduce your risk of cervical cancer greatly.
Available Medicine for Cervical cancer
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