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Diverticulitis

Description

Diverticula are small, bulging pouches that can form in the lining of your digestive system. They are found most often in the lower part of the large intestine (colon). Diverticula are common, especially after age 40, and seldom cause problems.

Sometimes, however, one or more of the pouches become inflamed or infected. That condition is known as Diverticulitis. Diverticulitis can cause severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea and a marked change in your bowel habits.

Mild Diverticulitis can be treated with rest, changes in your diet and antibiotics. Severe or recurring Diverticulitis may require surgery.

Causes

Diverticula usually develop when naturally weak places in your colon give way under pressure. This causes marble-sized pouches to protrude through the colon wall.

Diverticulitis occurs when diverticula tear, resulting in inflammation or infection or both.

There’s no single known cause of diverticular disease. Instead, experts believe that multiple genetic and environmental factors likely contribute to its development.
Risk factors

Several factors may increase your risk of developing Diverticulitis:

 

  • Aging: The incidence of Diverticulitis increases with age.
  • Obesity: Being seriously overweight increases your odds of developing Diverticulitis.
  • Smoking: People who smoke cigarettes are more likely than nonsmokers to experience Diverticulitis.
  • Lack of exercise: Vigorous exercise appears to lower your risk of Diverticulitis.
  • Diet high in animal fat and low in fiber: A low-fiber diet in combination with a high intake of animal fat seems to increase risk, although the role of low fiber alone isn't clear.
  • Certain medications: Several drugs are associated with an increased risk of diverticulitis, including steroids, opioids and Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve).
Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of Diverticulitis include:

  • Pain, which may be constant and persist for several days. The lower left side of the abdomen is the usual site of the pain. Sometimes, however, the right side of the abdomen is more painful, especially in people of Asian descent.
  • Nausea and vomiting.
  • Abdominal tenderness.
  • Constipation or, less commonly, diarrhea.
Diagnosis

If an individual has a history of diverticular disease, the doctor will be able to diagnose diverticulitis by carrying out a physical examination and asking some questions about symptoms and their medical history.

A blood test is useful because if it reveals a high number of white blood cells, it probably means there is an infection. However, many people without a high number of white blood cells may still have diverticulitis.

People who have no history of diverticular disease will need additional tests. Other conditions can have similar symptoms, such as a hernia or gallstones.

A computer tomography (CT) scan may be used and is often the most helpful. A barium enema X-ray may also be useful. If symptoms are severe, the CT scan may tell whether the infection has spread to another part of the body, or whether there is an abscess.

Management

Diverticulitis is treated with a combination of antibiotics, and possible surgery. Mild diverticulitis can be treated with bed rest, stool softeners, liquid diet and antispasmodic drugs. 

When to consult a doctor?

Get medical attention anytime you have constant, unexplained abdominal pain, particularly if you also have fever and constipation or diarrhea.

Available Medicine for Diverticulitis

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