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Hepatitis C
Description
It is a liver infection that leads to serious liver damage. It is caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). The virus can spread through an infected person’s blood or body fluids i.e. it is a blood-borne virus. It produces few symptoms so mostly you remain unknown to the infection. The HCV affects people in stages; acute hepatitis C (lasts for first 6 months), chronic hepatitis C (longer than 6 months), cirrhosis (disease leads to inflammation), & then liver cancer.
Unlike hepatitis A & B, hepatitis C has no vaccine. It is highly contagious that’s why high number of people are with this disease. However, it doesn't spread through breast milk, food, water, or casual contact (hugging & kissing). According to WHO, 71 million people suffer from chronic hepatitis C.
Causes
It is caused when blood or body fluids contaminated with HCV gets into your bloodstream. Exposure to the virus can be:
- By sharing injection drugs & needles
- Having sexual intercourse when you have HIV, STD, several partners, or rough sex
- Stuck with infected needles
- While giving birth from mother to the child
- Sharing items like toothbrushes, razor blades & nail clippers
- Getting tattoo/piercing with infected equipment
Risk factors
Factors that increase your chance of getting hepatitis C is:
- Received blood from an infected donor
- Injected or inhaled drugs
- Blood transfusion or organ transplant before July 1992 (since July 1992, all blood & organ donations are tested for HCV)
- Born between ages 1945 & 1965 have got highest rate of infection
- Long-term kidney dialysis
- HIV
- Born to hepatitis C mother
- Been in prison
Symptoms
Symptoms noticed in acute hepatitis C include:
- Gallstones
- Encephalopathy (brain doesn’t work well)
- Kidney failure
- Easy bleeding & bruising
- Muscle loss
- Fluid buildup in legs or abdominal cavity
- Spider-like veins on the skin
- Esophageal varices (vomiting blood)
- Weight loss
Diagnosis
Its diagnosis involves:
Checking blood for anti-HCV antibodies (proteins that body generate when it finds the hep C virus in blood)
HCV RNA (measures number of viral RNA which is genetic material of hepatitis virus)
Liver function tests (measure proteins and enzyme levels)
Management
The acute infection with HCV doesn't require specific treatment as the body's immune system clears the infection. The chronic form requires necessary treatment. The best therapy recommended by WHO involves pan-genotypic direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). DAAs can treat most HCV infections.
When to consult a doctor?
If you experience the above-mentioned symptoms and suspect having hepatitis C, then consult your doctor. The sooner you get diagnosed; the more chances are of you not developing the chronic infection.
Available Medicine for Hepatitis C
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