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Lung diseases
Description
Lung diseases lead to improper functioning of the lungs. Lung disease can be of 3 types:
- Airway diseases affect airways (tubes) that carry oxygen & other gases in & out of the lungs (e.g. asthma, COPD, and bronchiectasis)
- Lung tissue diseases that affect the structure of lung tissues (e.g. pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis)
- Lung circulation diseases that affect blood vessels in the lungs (e.g. pulmonary hypertension i.e. rise in blood pressure)
Lung diseases are the most common medical conditions worldwide. Its most common causes are smoking, infections (bacterial, viral, or fungal), genes, & environmental factors. And lung diseases occur when the is a problem in any part of the respiratory system.
Causes
Its causes include:
- Smoking cigarettes, cigars & pipes
- Radon which is an odorless (doesn’t smell) and colorless gas present in many homes
- Asbestos is present in insulation, fireproofing materials, car brakes, and other products.
- Air pollution like car exhaust.
- Diseases like flu which is caused by germs (virus, bacteria & fungi)
Risk factors
Its risk factors include:
- Tobacco smoke
- Other indoor air pollutants
- Allergens
- Occupational agents
- Outdoor air pollutants
- Unhealthy diet & nutrition
- Raised BP
- Raised blood glucose
- Abnormal blood lipids
- Obesity (over-weight)
- Heart diseases
- Stroke
- Cancer
- Diabetes (raised sugar levels)
Symptoms
Its common signs & symptoms include:
- Trouble breathing
- SOB (shortness of breath)
- The feeling of not getting enough air
- The ability to exercise is decreased
- Cough that doesn’t go away
- Pain & discomfort while breathing
- Coughing up mucus or blood
Diagnosis
Its diagnostic tests involve:
- Spirometry (you breathe in and out as hard as you can through a tube)
- Challenge test which is done after spirometry test. It involves breathing in methacholine drug which temporarily narrows the airways.
- FeNO test (measures how much nitric oxide is in the air you breathe)
- Peak flow measurement (how much air you can blow out of your lungs)
- Pulse oximetry (how much oxygen RBCs are carrying)
Management
They can be managed via:
- Inhalers
- Other prescription medications
- Oxygen therapy
- Pulmonary rehab
When to consult a doctor?
You should consult a pulmonologist (lung expert) if you experience:
- Chest pain
- Wheezing (whistling sound when you breathe)
- Dizziness
- Trouble breathing
- Cough which is severe & lasts for more than three weeks
- Asthma which is hard to control
- Recurring bronchitis or cold.
Available Medicine for Lung diseases
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