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Lung Diseases

Description

Lung diseases lead to improper functioning of the lungs. Lung disease can be of 3 types:

  • Airway diseases affect airways (tubes) that carry oxygen & other gases in & out of the lungs (e.g. asthma, COPD, and bronchiectasis)
  • Lung tissue diseases that affect the structure of lung tissues (e.g. pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis)
  • Lung circulation diseases that affect blood vessels in the lungs (e.g. pulmonary hypertension i.e. rise in blood pressure)

Lung diseases are the most common medical conditions worldwide. Its most common causes are smoking, infections (bacterial, viral, or fungal), genes, & environmental factors. And lung diseases occur when the is a problem in any part of the respiratory system.

Causes

Its causes include:

  • Smoking cigarettes, cigars & pipes
  • Radon which is an odorless (doesn’t smell) and colorless gas present in many homes
  • Asbestos is present in insulation, fireproofing materials, car brakes, and other products.
  • Air pollution like car exhaust.
  • Diseases like flu which is caused by germs (virus, bacteria & fungi)
Risk factors

Its risk factors include:

  • Tobacco smoke
  • Other indoor air pollutants
  • Allergens
  • Occupational agents
  • Outdoor air pollutants
  • Unhealthy diet & nutrition
  • Raised BP
  • Raised blood glucose
  • Abnormal blood lipids
  • Obesity (over-weight)
  • Heart diseases
  • Stroke
  • Cancer
  • Diabetes (raised sugar levels)
Symptoms

Its common signs & symptoms include:

  • Trouble breathing
  • SOB (shortness of breath)
  • The feeling of not getting enough air
  • The ability to exercise is decreased
  • Cough that doesn’t go away
  • Pain & discomfort while breathing
  • Coughing up mucus or blood
Diagnosis

Its diagnostic tests involve:

  • Spirometry (you breathe in and out as hard as you can through a tube)
  • Challenge test which is done after spirometry test. It involves breathing in methacholine drug which temporarily narrows the airways.
  • FeNO test (measures how much nitric oxide is in the air you breathe)
  • Peak flow measurement (how much air you can blow out of your lungs)
  • Pulse oximetry (how much oxygen RBCs are carrying)
Management

They can be managed via:

  • Inhalers
  • Other prescription medications
  • Oxygen therapy
  • Pulmonary rehab
And in severe cases, surgery is recommended
When to consult a doctor?

You should consult a pulmonologist (lung expert) if you experience:

  • Chest pain
  • Wheezing (whistling sound when you breathe)
  • Dizziness
  • Trouble breathing
  • Cough which is severe & lasts for more than three weeks
  • Asthma which is hard to control
  • Recurring bronchitis or cold.

Available Medicine for Lung Diseases

Ipneb 250mg

Rs.167.63

Atco

Ipratec 250mcg

Rs.250.58

Highnoon

Ipratec-S 40mcg/200mcg

Rs.100

Highnoon

Ipratec-S 20mcg/100mcg

Rs.150

Highnoon

Ipratee 40ug

Rs.250

Geofman

Optra 40 mcg

Rs.460

Getz Pharma

Optra 20 mcg

Rs.580

Getz Pharma

Optra 250 mcg

Rs.696

Getz Pharma

Sprahaler 20mcg

Rs.297.65

Highnoon

Easehale (0.025% 2mL)

Rs.513.46

Hudson Pharma's

Combihale (0.5mg+2.5mg/2.5mL)

Rs.513.46

Hudson Pharma's

Atem 250mcg

Rs.88.2

Chiesi

Atem 0.025%

Rs.599.5

Chiesi