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Ovarian Cancer
Description
Ovaries are small oval-shaped glands on both sides of the uterus in a woman's pelvic area. Ovarian cancer is a condition in which cells in the ovary start dividing and multiplying in an abnormal manner and this abnormal multiplication of cells results in the formation of a tumor inside the ovary. If left undetected and untreated, this cancer may spread to other parts of the body. Ovarian cancer be fatal if not diagnosed at an early stage.
Causes
There are no known causes of ovarian cancer. Just like any other cancer, mutations (errors) in the DNA of cells of ovary causes rapid multiplication of these abnormal cells, thereby killing all the healthy cells. The accumulation of these abnormal cells results in the formation of a tumor which if not detected at an early stage may break off and start spreading to other parts of the body.
Risk factors
The precise cause of ovarian cancer is still not known. However following factors are the believed to be associated with the development of ovarian cancer:
- Previous history of breast cancer.
- Advancing age.
- Smoking
- Talc exposure.
- Increased weight
- Hereditary (family history of ovarian cancer increases the risk)
- Mutation of the gene BRCA 1 /2
- Having menstrual cycle at an early age (before 12)
- Menstruation continued after the age of 50
- Infertility
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Symptoms
Known symptoms of ovarian cancer are:
- Abdominal bloating or swelling,
- Quickly feeling full when eating,
- Weight loss,
- Discomfort in the pelvis area,
- Constipation,
- Increased urination,
- Menstrual irregularities,
- Back pain,
- Fatigue,
- Heartburn,
- Painful intercourse.
Diagnosis
To reach a diagnosis, your doctor will take your detailed medical and family history, will thoroughly examine your abdomen and pelvic area, and will recommend you get a few laboratory investigations like biopsy and abdominal and pelvic CT scan done.
Management
The type of treatment will depend on the stage of the patient’s ovarian cancer.
- CONVENTIONAL METHODS
- Surgical removal of cancer tissues
- Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells
- Radiation therapy to kill cancer cells.
- COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES
- Meditation and relaxation is advised
- Massage
- Biofeedback therapy (it is a therapy that helps prevents high blood pressure, headaches, chronic pain)
When to consult a doctor?
- If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above consult an Endocrinologist (specialist in hormonal problems) or an Infertility specialist, a doctor trained to give specialized treatment.
- Don’t dismiss any irregularities in your menstrual cycle. Visit a doctor if your periods are irregular.
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