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Parkinson's disease
Description
Parkinson’s is a disease that mostly affects people over the age of 60. In this disease, nerve cells that control body movement are damaged, which is what leads to the difficulty in movement.Causes
Though the exact cause remains unclear, the following factors may play a role in its development:
- Degeneration of cells as a part of age change.
- Genetics factors.
Risk factors
The following factors can increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s:
- If someone in your close family has it, you are more likely to develop it.
- Risk increases as you age.
- Being exposed to toxins during working at a factory or farm may increase your risk.However, the risk is relatively low.
- Men are more likely to get Parkinson’s than women.
- A head injury can add to the risk of developing Parkinson’s later.
Symptoms
Symptoms include:
- A tremor that occurs at rest.
- Rigidity or stiffness of the limbs
- Movements that are very slow.
- A face that is expressionless or ‘’mask-like’’.
- Difficulty in balance and maintaining posture. This may lead to frequent falls.
- Difficulty in walking, especially in initiating the movement. Steps also tend to become shorter, and more rapid.
- Trouble sleeping.
- Difficulty swallowing.
- Difficulty urinating or involuntary urination.
Diagnosis
Your doctor may check for muscle rigidity, balance, and movement. The following tests can also help in making a diagnosis:
- Blood tests to rule out any other disease.
- CT scan to check for tumors or a stroke.
- SPECT
- Genetic testing to check for mutations.
Management
Though there is no exact cure for this disease, the following medicines can be used to manage the symptoms effectively:
- Levodopa, this is usually prescribed along with Carbidopa
- Dopamine agonists such as Pramipexole, rotigotine, or ropinirole
- Atypical dopamine agonist, Amantadine.
- COMT inhibitors such as tolcapone, or entacapone.
Some small changes that can help are:
- Avoiding sudden movements
- Try to make sure your heels make contact with the ground first while walking.
- To avoid falls, try to avoid leaning, carrying things while walking, and try to make a U-turn instead of turning like you usually would.
When to consult a doctor?
A doctor should be consulted if:
- the recommended treatment is no longer effective in managing your symptoms.
- You cannot tolerate the side effects of any of the medicine prescribed.
- If you are experiencing symptoms of depression.
- If you start to experience other symptoms such as sexual problems, or difficulty in controlling urination.
- If your memory, or thinking ability seems to be impaired. Friends and family can help in identifying these changes.
Available Medicine for Parkinson's disease
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