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Prevents angina
Description
Angina is defined as pain or discomfort felt in the chest. This is a result of decreased blood flow to the heart. The blood flow is usually reduced because something is blocking the vessels that supply blood to the heart. Even though the pain may be temporary or mild, it may be a sign of a serious heart problem. It is important to consult your doctor if you experience angina.
Stable Angina: is the most common type of angina. This type of angina can be triggered by physical activity or stress. However, this only lasts for a few minutes, and resolves on rest. This is not a heart attack, but it does increase the likelihood of having one.
Unstable Angina: This type of angina may occur at rest, and the pain may be more severe, and also last longer. This type of angina can be a warning sign of a heart attack. It is important to consult a doctor immediately.
Prinzmetal’s Angina: This is a rare type of angina that can be quite painful. It may occur at rest. This happens because the blood vessels supplying the heart tighten suddenly. Please consult your doctor if you experience this.
Causes
Angina is a result of poor blood supply to the heart. When the blood supply is inadequate, the heart does not have the oxygen it needs, and this causes pain. This can happen through several mechanisms. Some of them include:
- Fat may collect in the blood vessels supplying the heart, and this can restrict the blood supply to the heart. This is called
- A clot may block the blood supply to the heart.
- Blood vessels may get inflamed, or undergo spasm thereby decreasing blood flow.
Other less common causes include:
- A clot, or blockage in the blood vessels of the lungs. This is called a pulmonary embolism.
- Heart diseases that have caused the muscles of the heart to become too large to perform their function adequately. This is called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
- A tear in the wall of the largest vessel in the body, the aorta. This is called aortic dissection.
- Narrowed heart valves. This may include the aortic valve, and is called aortic stenosis.
- Development of a swelling around the heart, this is known as
Angina may be triggered by factors like emotional stress, extreme weather, and obesity.
Risk factors
- Factors that cannot be changed(Un-modifiable Risk Factors):
- Men are more likely to experience this than women.
- Men over the age of 45, and women above 55 years are at risk.
- Factors that can be changed (Modifiable Risk Factors):
- Obesity
- High blood pressure
- Stress
- Lack of exercise
- Diabetes (type 2)
- High cholesterol
- Smoking
Symptoms
- Pain experienced during angina can usually be described as aching, burning, squeezing, heaviness, or feeling of fullness or pressure in the chest.
- The pain usually radiates to the jaw, shoulder, neck, arms, or stomach region.
- This pain is usually going to last a few minutes, and resolves on resting. However, even though the duration of the pain is short, a doctor should still be consulted.
Diagnosis
Investigations carried out by your doctor depend on the symptoms. ECG, Chest X-ray, and tests for cardiac enzymes (troponin I or CPK-MB) are common. Other tests include echocardiography, coronary angiogram, CT angiography, CT-Scans, and MRI of the chest.
Management
- Lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, smoking cessation and regular exercise are always advised.
- Initial therapy includes drugs such as Nitroglycerin, Aspirin, Beta blockers, and morphine sulfate; and maintenance of oxygen saturation.
- However, if the medication does not manage the symptoms effectively, a bypass surgery, or angioplasty may be advised.
When to consult a doctor?
- If you feel chest pain, or any other symptoms of a heart attack (such as shortness of breath, irregular heartbeat, sweating, etc.) you should call an ambulance, or be taken to a hospital. It is best not to drive yourself.
- If your symptoms have not improved within 5 minutes of taking nitroglycerin, you should call for help.
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