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Skin burns
Description
Skin burns occur when our skin comes in contact with a burning surface or substance.
Causes
Following may cause skin burns if handled inappropriately:
Heat (exposed to hot liquids, flames)
Radiation (exposed to high energy rays)
Chemical (exposed to a reactive chemical agent)
Electrical (exposed to high voltage electric current)
Risk factors
Younger patients are more susceptible to burn because of their thinner skin, less surface area and their limited understanding of danger.
Older patients are susceptible to burn because of their thinner skin and less mobility.
Diabetic patients suffer from neuropathy (desensitized nerves) that causes reduced ability to feel heat.
Symptoms
If the topmost layer (epidermis) of the skin is affected then one may experience mild pain and that area of the skin may turn pink like from sunburn. This is known as first degree burn.
If the burn has reached the second layer that is the dermis then one may experience excruciating pain with formation of blisters and the affected skin turns pink and moist. This is known as second degree burn.
If the burn has reached the third layer that is the hypodermis then one may experience white to brown leathery skin, edema, it is usually painless because the nerves are affected, no blisters formed. This is known as third degree burn.
Diagnosis
Doctors follow the guidelines set by Wallace know as rule of 9 to evaluate the total body surface and the depth of the skin that has been affected by burn.
Management
Treatment depends upon the layers of the skin affected and the type of burn:
- Thermal: Immediate action to be taken is to stop, drop on the ground and roll.
2) Chemical: Stop, remove your clothing and rinse.
If it is a superficial burn (only epidermis involved), it requires minimal management like soaking in cool water, applying aloe vera, staying away from the sun, hydrating yourself, keeping the affected area moist and applying antibiotic ointment. It heals in 4 to 5 days.
If it is a partial thickness burn (epidermis and dermis involved), soak in cool water for few minutes, cover the wound with a sterile dressing and pain killer is advised to manage pain. It heals in 14 to 36 days.
If it is a full thickness burn (involves all three layers), seek medical assistance immediately and elevate the affected burnt area higher than heart level. It involves extensive treatment like skin graft and Escharotomy (a surgical incision is made to relieve pressure caused by edema).
When to consult a doctor?
Seek medical assistance as soon as possible if your burn is more than 3 inches in diameter. Consult your doctor if your wound is not responding to the treatment suggested.
Available Medicine for Skin burns
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