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Vaginal Thrush
Description
It is a common yeast infection that affects most women at some point of life (about 75%). The yeast is naturally present in bowel & in minute quantity in vagina. Its symptoms arise when the yeast number increases. Other names given to this condition are candidiasis or monilia. It is unpleasant & uncomfortable, however, it can be treated usually with vaginal creams or vaginal tablets (pessaries). In some cases, the vaginal thrush can be difficult to treat & keeps coming back.
Causes
It is caused by an overgrowth of yeast called Candida albicans. Our immune system & bacteria (harmless germs) that normally live on the skin & in vagina help stop Candida specie from thriving. However, due to hormonal changes, problem with immune system & changes in bacteria due to antibiotics lead to candida specie numbers to multiply & invade vagina. Other species like Candida glabrata or Candida tropicalis may cause vaginal thrush.
Risk factors
The risk factors include:- You are in your 20’s or 30’s as thrush is less common in girls who haven’t started periods & women who are in menopause.
- Pregnant females
- You have sex when you are not fully aroused/fear getting hurt, which leads to vaginal dryness & tightness during sex, that can trigger thrush.
- Use antibiotics
- Poorly controlled diabetes
- Weakened immune system because of HIV or chemotherapy.
- Vaginal thrush is not STI (sexually transmitted infection) but it may be triggered via sex & occasionally passed on to sexual partners.
Symptoms
Its typical symptoms may include:
- Itching & soreness around the entrance of the vagina (itchy labia)
- Having vaginal discharge that is odorless, thick, white, thin & watery.
- Painful sex that makes you worry about experiencing sex
- Stinging sensation while peeing.
- Sometimes the skin around the vagina becomes red, swollen, or cracked.
Diagnosis
Its diagnosis involves:
- Taking detailed history of symptoms
- Examine your genitals
- Swab from the affected area
Management
The main aim for this infection is to reduce number of yeasts so that symptoms are reduced. It involves:
- Antifungal creams or vaginal pessaries (tablets) are recommended for about six days, depending upon the product.
- Oral tablets are also prescribed but it is more expensive & not recommended in pregnant women or as first line therapy.
- Factors that are contributing to overgrowth of yeast should be identified & managed.
- Mostly its symptoms last for short while (week before period) & treatment isn’t necessary.
When to consult a doctor?
You must consult a doctor if you are:
- Under 16 or over 60 years
- Pregnant
- Self-treated yourself from the chemist but symptoms didn’t go away
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding
- Abdominal pain
- Unwell in addition to vaginal & vulval symptoms.
- Had two episodes of thrush in 6 months & didn’t consult a doctor for more than a year.
- Previous sexually transmitted infection
- Bad reaction to anti-thrush medications.
- Weakened immune system due to chemotherapy or long-term treatment with steroids
Available Medicine for Vaginal Thrush
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