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Edema
Description
Edema is the medical term used for swelling caused by fluids in the body's tissues. It usually occurs in the feet, ankles, and legs, but it can involve your entire body.Causes
Causes of edema include:
- Eating too much salt
- Sunburn
- Heart failure
- Kidney disease
- Liver problems from cirrhosis
- Pregnancy
- Problems with lymph nodes, especially after mastectomy
- Some medicines
- Standing or walking a lot when the weather is warm
Risk factors
Following may increase the risk of developing edema:
- Congestive heart failure
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Cirrhosis of liver
- Systemic infection
- Trauma
Symptoms
Common symptoms include:
- Swelling and puffiness in the skin
- Stretched skin
- Increased overall size
- Shortness of breath
- Bloating
- Skin holds imprints or looks pitted
Diagnosis
To understand what might be causing your edema, your doctor will first perform a physical exam and ask you questions about your medical history. This information is often enough to determine the underlying cause of your edema. In some cases, X-rays, ultrasound exams, magnetic resonance imaging, blood tests or urine analysis may be necessary.
Management
Mild edema usually goes away on its own, particularly if you help things along by raising the affected limb higher than your heart.
More severe edema may be treated with drugs that help your body expel excess fluid in the form of urine (diuretics). One of the most common diuretics is furosemide. However, your doctor will determine whether these types of medications are a good option for you based on your personal medical history.
Long-term management typically focuses on treating the underlying cause of the swelling. If edema occurs as a result of medication use, your doctor may adjust your prescription or check for an alternative medication that doesn't cause edema.
- Preventive measures:
- To keep swelling down, keep your legs raised when sitting
- Limit salt intake
- Avoid tight clothing
When to consult a doctor?
If left untreated, edema can develop into a painful swelling; it can increase the risk of skin ulcers and infection in the swollen area, cause stiffness and difficulty walking so make an appointment to see your doctor when you notice a swelling, stretched skin or skin that forms a pit after being pressed.
If you've been sitting for a prolonged period, such as on a long flight, and you develop leg pain and swelling that won't go away, call your doctor. Persistent leg pain and swelling can indicate a blood clot deep in your vein (deep vein thrombosis, or DVT).
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