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Increase Neutrophils
Description
It is described as leukocytosis (a condition in which white blood cell is above normal blood range) of neutrophils. Hence it is a condition in which you have a high number of neutrophils in the blood. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. Mostly granulocytosis (increased number of granulocytes in the blood) is overlapped with neutrophilia as neutrophils are the main type of granulocytes. The opposite of neutrophilia is known as neutropenia which is an abnormal low concentration of neutrophils in the blood.
Neutrophils are an essential part of the innate immune system (immunity found in invertebrates). Most of the white blood cells that lead the immune system’s response are neutrophils. Neutrophils are the most plentiful of all 4 types of WBC’s and makeup to 55% to 70% of total WBC’s. They are involved in preventing infections by blocking, digesting, or disabling invading particles & microorganisms.
Causes
Its causes include:
- Since neutrophils are primary WBCs that respond in a bacterial infection, so the most common cause of increased neutrophils will be a bacterial infection especially pyogenic infection (release of pus).
- Increased in any acute inflammation, hence they are raised after a heart attack, in an infarct (tissue death), or burns.
- Some medications like prednisone cause marginated neutrophils to enter the bloodstream
- Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) & splenectomy (removal of the spleen)
- Chronic myelogenous leukemia (a disease where blood cells proliferate out of control)
- Due to leukocyte adhesion deficiency (rare autosomal recessive disorder)
Risk factors
You will be at risk of increased neutrophils if:
- It is a normal physiological process of the body.
- Healthy neonates have a high neutrophil count
- Women of childbearing age have a higher neutrophil count than men
- Pregnancy
- During & after labor
- Vigorous exercise
- Pathological conditions due to increased output from bone marrow.
Symptoms
Neutrophilia does not cause symptoms and there is no known direct adverse effect. You may experience a range of symptoms related to chronic illness, infection, & injury like fever, exhaustion & pain in increased neutrophils.
Diagnosis
It can be diagnosed via:
- Complete blood count (CBC) with differential, which helps identify a specific group of WBCs
- Physical examination performed by the doctor asking questions about person’s lifestyle & past medical history.
- If no apparent changes in WBCs are seen, then doctors perform more specific laboratory tests. They look for immature neutrophils called myeloblasts which during an infection/chronic illness emerge from bone marrow & mature in the blood instead of bone marrow.
- Bone marrow sample is requested if myeloblasts appear in significant levels.
- Other tests may include CT scans, blood cultures, chest X-ray & urine sample analysis.
Management
Its specific therapy is indicated to treat the underlying cause affecting neutrophils.
- In hyperleukocytosis (greater than 100,000 white blood cells per microliter of blood), treatment will include leukapheresis (procedure used to treat patients with very high WBC count), cytoreductive therapy (to reduce the risk of hemorrhage) & hydration.
- In primary hematological diagnoses like myeloproliferative disorder, treatment will involve cytotoxic agents (chemicals that are toxic to cells) including hydroxyurea (an anti-cancer agent). This therapy will require close specialist supervision.
- In chronic myeloid leukemia (a type of cancer), treatment will involve a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This will also require specialist monitoring.
- Avoid exercising beyond comfort levels
- Reduce stress levels & treat chronic/severe stress
- Consult a healthcare provider for signs of infection like weakness, fever, fatigue, or pain. And treat exactly as prescribed by the doctor.
When to consult a doctor?
If you experience infection, illness, injury, physical or emotional stress, inflammatory conditions; and are doubtful of your neutrophil count, then seek medical attention & talk to your doctor.
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