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Psychosis
Description
It is a severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality. Psychosis refers to an abnormal condition of the mind described as involving a ‘loss of contact with reality’. People experiencing psychosis may exhibit some personality changes and thought disorder. Depending on its severity, this may be accompanied by unusual or bizarre behavior, as well as difficulty with social interaction and impairment in carrying out daily life activities.
Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, Psychotic depression, Schizo-affective disorder, Drug-induced psychosis are some of the types of psychotic disorders.
Causes
- Genetics (it might be running in the family)
- Head injury
- Medical conditions
- Alcohol and other psychoactive drugs
- Medication
- Brain tumor or cyst.
- Dementia - Alzheimer's disease, for example.
- Neurological illness - such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.
Symptoms
Symptoms of psychosis include:
- Difficulty concentrating
- Depressed mood
- Sleeping too much or not enough
- Anxiety
- Suspiciousness
- Reduced social drive and interaction
- Hallucinations
- Paranoia
- Emotional changes
- Self-injurious behavior including suicide
- Irritability
- Overt hostility such as verbal or physical abusiveness or even assault
Diagnosis
Psychosis is diagnosed through a psychiatric evaluation. That means a doctor will watch the person's behavior and ask questions about what they are experiencing, and will also
- Take a history and ask questions about the disease running in family
- Examine the brain’s electrical activity by an EEG (electroencephalogram) by spotting changes in brain-wave pattern.
- Perform a CT scan to check for any tumor, cyst, blood clot or signs of infection.
- MRS (type of MRI) to study specific parts of brain.
- Blood tests to check for genetic infections and diseases.
- By asking questions, Neurophysiologic testing is done to check speech, memory and thinking power.
- Biological tests may also be done to exclude psychosis associated with or caused by substance abuse, medication, toxins, surgical complications or other medical illnesses.
Management
- Treatment with a class of drugs known as antipsychotics is the most common therapy for people with a psychotic illness. Antipsychotics are effective at reducing psychosis symptoms in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, but they do not themselves treat or cure underlying psychotic illnesses.
- Mood stabilizing medication are prescribed
- Antidepressants and minor tranquilizers are also given to treat depression
When to consult a doctor?
A doctor should be consulted if:
- There are no improvements in the symptoms with the recommended treatment.
- In case of suicidal thoughts, seek medical assistance right away.
Available Medicine for Psychosis
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