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Amoebiasis
Description
Parasites are tiny microscopic creatures that take nourishment (food and energy) from their host.
One such parasite called Entamoeba histolytica causes infection of the intestines which is called Amoebiasis.
Causes
Amoebiasis occurs when E.Histolytica is ingested through contaminated food and water that might have been exposed to fecal contamination. It is most common in tropical areas of the world where sanitation is poor.
Risk factors
- Pregnant woman
- Use of contaminated medical devices during colon surgery
- Malnourished people
- Drinking contaminated water
- Living in a poor sanitation area
- Eating contaminated food
- Hands of the food handler are contaminated
- This disease can be transmitted person to person through oral or fecal route.
Symptoms
E.histolytica usually targets the intestines and a person who has been exposed to E.histolytica will show the following symptoms:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- In extreme infection bloody stools
- Abdominal pain
- High temperature
- Nausea
- Loss of appetite leading to sudden weight loss
- Losing a lot of liquid
- Rectal pain during a bowel movement
- Fatigue
- Intestinal gas
Diagnosis
Diagnosing amoebiasis requires:
- Blood, urine, stool tests when an amoebiasis cyst is suspected due to health history or recent travel history.
- LFT (liver function test), ultrasounds and CT scans for getting a visual of the parasite present.
- Colonoscopy may also be advised to search for the parasite.
Management
Anti-parasitic drugs like Paramomycin, Iodoquinol, Diloxanide furoate are prescribed in case of a mild infection.
If the infection is severe and causing damage to the intestine, liver then Flagy( Metronidazole) along with broad spectrum antiobiotics may be prescribed.
- PREVENTION TIPS:
- Wash hands with soap and water after using the bathroom and before handling food.
- Wash fruits and vegetables before eating.
- Stick to bottled water
- If you must drink water, boil it, or treat it with iodine.
- Avoid food sold by street vendors
- Avoid milk, cheese or other un-pasteurized dairy products if you already have amoebiasis.
When to consult a doctor?
One should consult a doctor right away in case of extreme pain with frequent vomiting and blood in the stool. A doctor will perform tests and give the needed medical care.
Available Medicine for Amoebiasis
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