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Manic depressive psychosis
Description
Manic-depressive psychosis, more commonly known as ‘Bipolar disorder’ is a psychiatric disorder in which the patient alters between episodes of depression and periods of elevated mood (hypomania). It is a serious mental health condition, appearing around 15-24 years of age and lasting for a lifetime. . It is a serious disorder. It’s defined by manic or hypomanic episodes (changes in mood from normal to high energy states). It often involves sleeplessness along with hallucinations, delusions, or paranoid rage. The severity of mood ranges from mild to severe and that can happen suddenly or gradually within a time frame days to weeks.Causes
The main cause of manic depressive psychosis is not known. What is known is that it involves dysregulation of brain functioning and it can also run in families. It can also occur due to other medical conditions.
Risk factors
The risk factors are:
- Genetics – a strong factor
- Borderline personality (people who have difficulty in controlling their emotions)
- Self or family history of other psychiatric disorders
- Alcohol or drug abuse
Symptoms
The symptoms of this disease can be divided into two types.
Depressive symptoms:
- Persistent low mood
- Loss of appetite
- Fatigue
- Feeling of worthlessness
- Changes in sleep
- Weight gain or loss
- Loss of interest in activities
Maniac symptoms:
- Easily distracted or unable to concentrate
- Feeling of grandiosity
- Elevated mood
- Increased sexual desire
- Increased energy
- Decreased sleep due to overactivity
- The increased tone when speaking
Diagnosis
To diagnose Manic depressive psychosis, evaluation may include :
- Physical examination : The doctor may do a physical exam and may run a few laboratory tests to identify any underlying medical conditions that could be causing the symptoms.
- Psychiatric assessment: The doctor might refer to a psychiatrist, who will talk to you about feelings, thoughts and behaviour patterns. With the patient's permission, family or friends may be asked to provide information about your symptoms.
- Criteria for bipolar disorder: Your doctor may compare your symptoms with the other related disorders.
- Mood charting: Doctor may ask the patient to keep a daily record of moods. Sleep patterns or other factors that could help with diagnosis and finding the correct treatment.
Management
Medical treatment is mainly based on controlling depressive and manic episodes.
Following drugs are given:
- Anti-depressants such as SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors)
- Antipsychotics
- Anti-anxiety e.g. Benzodiazepine
- Mood stabilizers e.g. Lithium
Other treatment option includes:
- Counseling
- Psychotherapy
When to consult a doctor?
Usually, the patients themselves are not able to identify the symptoms. If family or friends observe any usual behavior or the above-mentioned symptoms, the doctor should be consulted.
Patients with bipolar disorder often get suicidal thoughts. Such an extent is a medical emergency and needs immediate hospitalization.
Available Medicine for Manic depressive psychosis
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