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Trigeminal neuralgia
Description
Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic (long term) pain condition involving the trigeminal nerve. Trigeminal nerve carries sensations from the face towards brain. In patients of trigeminal neuralgia, mild stimulation of face results in agonizing pain. Pain may be continuous or intermittent (comes and goes). The frequency and duration of pain varies from person to person.
Causes
In patients suffering from this condition, even slight irritation of the nerve may cause its trigger. This could be due to:
- Underlying veins or arteries
- Any tumor compressing the nerve
- Multiple sclerosis ( a disease in which the nerve covering protecting the nerves degenerates, making the nerves sensitive)
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Known causes of trigeminal neuralgia are:
- A swollen blood vessel or tumor that puts pressure on the nerve,
- Multiple sclerosis: a condition that affects the nerves,
- Ageing,
- Brain lesion,
- Facial trauma,
- Surgical injuries,
- Stroke (blood supply to a part of brain is reduced).
Risk factors
Attacks of Trigeminal neuralgia can be precipitated by:
- Washing face
- Brushing teeth
- Any injury to face
- Slight touching of the face
- Cold or hot drinks
- Smiling
- Talking
- Dental surgery
Symptoms
Symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia are:
- Episodes of severe excruciating pain that feels like an electric shock,
- Spontaneous attacks of pain,
- Pain that aggravates on mild touching of face,
- Instances of pain lasting for a few seconds to several minutes,
- Episodes of pain that last for weeks to months and pain free interval that lasts for a few months,
- Consistent burning sensation,
- Pain in cheeks, jaws, teeth, gums, and lips,
- Pain affecting one side of the face,
- Pain may be localized or generalized,
- The frequency and intensity of attacks increases with time.
Diagnosis
To reach a diagnosis, your doctor will take your detailed medical, dental, and family history, perform a neurological examination, run a few laboratory investigations like CT scan and MRI, and ask you specific questions regarding your symptoms.
Management
Treatment is primarily based on blocking the pain signals due to nerve involvement. For that, your doctor may give you the following medication:
- Anti-seizure medication e.g. Carbamazepine
- Muscle- relaxing agents
- Botox injection
- Glycerol injection
Surgeries are also done in severe cases.
When to consult a doctor?
You are recommended to consult a doctor if the frequency, severity, and duration of your symptoms increases, if pain progresses to a chronic (long term) stage, there is a general feeling of discomfort and uneasiness, and there is worsening of your condition.
Available Medicine for Trigeminal neuralgia
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