OVERVIEW
The diagnosis of male infertility problems usually involves:
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General physical examination and medical history. This includes examining the genitals and asking questions about any inherited conditions, chronic health problems, illnesses, injuries or surgeries that could affect fertility.
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Semen analysis. Semen samples can be obtained in a couple of different ways. The semen is sent to a laboratory to measure the number of sperm present and look for any abnormalities in the shape (morphology) and movement (motility) of the sperm. The lab will also check the semen for signs of problems such as infections.
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Scrotal ultrasound. This test uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images of inside the body. A scrotal ultrasound can help your doctor see if there is a varicocele or other problems in the testicles and supporting structures.
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Hormone testing. Hormones produced by the pituitary gland, hypothalamus and testicles play a key role in sexual development and sperm production. Abnormalities in other hormonal or organ systems also might contribute to infertility. A blood test measures the level of testosterone and other hormones.
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Genetic tests. When sperm concentration is extremely low, there could be a genetic cause. Genetic testing might be ordered to diagnose various congenital or inherited syndromes.
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Testicular biopsy. This test involves removing samples from the testicle with a needle. If the results of the testicular biopsy show that sperm production is normal, the problem is likely caused by a blockage or another problem with sperm transport.
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Specialized sperm function tests. A number of tests can be used to check how well the sperm survive after ejaculation, how well they can penetrate an egg and whether there's any problem attaching to the egg. Generally, these tests are rarely performed and often do not significantly change recommendations for treatment.
What preparations are needed for the semen profile?
No special preparation required for the Semen profile. However, some basic instructions should be given:
The patient should not be on any antibiotic treatment when the Semen profile is performed or at least 7-10 days before. Before obtaining a semen sample, the patient has to wash thoroughly the region with clean water only -and avoid any antiseptic that might potentially contaminate the specimen
What is a vasectomy?
In a vasectomy, the tubes that send sperm from the testicles to the penis are cut and sealed as a permanent form of birth control. After a vasectomy, doctors often recommend that men take a sperm analysis once a month for three months to ensure that sperm is no longer present in their semen.
