What is this test?
This laboratory test is performed on a pleural fluid sample to analyze the levels of albumin and lactate dehydrogenase. This initial test helps in determining whether the excessive pleural fluid is transudate or exudate in nature; that helps in shortening the list of possible causes.
Why is this test performed?
This test is performed to help in differentiating the excessive pleural fluid into exudate or transudate. Once the pleural fluid is differentiated, further testing is required to find the exact cause of fluid accumulation in the Pleural space.
- What are the causes of exudative pleural effusion?
- Pneumonia
- Cancer
- Kidney disease
- Autoimmune diseases
- Tuberculosis
- What are the causes of transudative pleural effusion?
- Congestive heart failure
- Cirrhosis
- What is pleural effusion?
Pleural effusion is a disease characterized by accumulation of fluid in between the coverings (pleura) of the lung restricting the lung to inflate to its full capacity. It can be due to a variety of causes. Normally, only 10-20 ml of pleural fluid is present in the pleural space.
- What are the symptoms of pleural effusion?
- Shortness of breath
- Dry cough
- Chest pain
- Fever
- Chills
- Fatigue
- Inability to lie flat.
- What is Thoracentesis?
Thoracentesis is a procedure to remove pleural fluid from the pleural space of the lung with the help of a needle. It is used for pleural fluid analysis and removal of excess pleural fluid.
- What are the risks of this test?
- Partial or complete lung collapse
- Infection at the puncture site
- Bleeding
- Pulmonary edema
- Fluid re-accumulation
- Cough
- Respiratory distress.
- How to prepare for the test?
No special preparations are required for this test. Inform your doctor about your complete medical history especially of allergy, and bleeding problems.
Transudate or exudate
- Interpretation of test results:
Transudate: Low levels of Lactate dehydrogenase and albumin
Exudate: High levels of Lactate dehydrogenase and albumin.