What is this test?
This laboratory test is performed on a blood sample to measure the levels of potassium in the blood. Potassium is a mineral and electrolyte required by the body to maintain fluid balance, cell metabolism, and the functioning of the nerves and muscles.
Why is this test performed?
This test is performed:
- As a part of routine health check-up
- To measure the levels of potassium in the blood
- To help in the diagnosis of electrolyte imbalance
- To help in the diagnosis of acid/base imbalance
- To help in the monitoring of kidney diseases and high blood pressure.
- What are the symptoms of high potassium levels?
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Chest pain
- Difficulty in breathing
- Muscle weakness.
- What are the symptoms of low potassium levels?
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Muscle cramps
- Weakness
- Dizziness
- Irregular heartbeat.
- Which drugs might increase the potassium levels?
- NSAIDs
- ACE inhibitors
- Beta-blockers
- Potassium-sparing diuretics
- Potassium supplements
- Which drugs might decrease the potassium levels?
- Corticosteroids
- Gentamicin
- Carbenicillin
- Amphotericin B
- Clonidine
- Isoproterenol
- How to prepare for this test?
No special preparations are required for this test. However, inform your doctor about your complete medical and drug history. Wear a short-sleeved shirt to aid the collection of sample.
Normal range: 3.5 to 5 mmol/L
Interpretation of test results:
Causes of hyperkalemia:
- Kidney disease
- Diabetes
- Dehydration
- Infection
- Potassium overtake
- Intravenous fluids
- Infection
Causes of hypokalemia:
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Diuretics
- Acetaminophen overdose
- Drugs such as corticosteroids, antibiotics, and anti-fungal (amphotericin B)