Overview:
What is this test?
This laboratory test is performed on a blood sample to measure the levels of sodium in the blood. Sodium is a mineral and electrolyte required by the body to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, blood pressure, blood volume, and functioning of the nerves and muscles.
Why is this test performed?
This test is performed:
- As a part of serum electrolyte test
- To monitor the levels of sodium in the blood
- To monitor hydration in the body
- To help in the diagnosis of electrolyte imbalance
- To help in diagnosing the cause of dehydration and edema.
- What are the symptoms of hypernatremia (high sodium levels)?
- Increased thirst
- Swelling in feet and hands
- Unexplained weakness
- Fatigue
- Irregular heartbeat
- What are the symptoms of hyponatremia (low sodium levels)?
- Headache
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Fatigue
- Decreased appetite
- Hallucinations
- How to prepare for this test?
No special preparations are required for this test. However, inform your doctor about your complete medical and drug history. Wear a short-sleeved shirt to aid the collection of sample.
- What are the risks of this test?
Collecting blood from a vein is a very easy procedure and pose only minimum risk, including:
- Bruising
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Lightheadedness
- What tests might be performed after an abnormal sodium test?
- Urine sodium test
- Kidney functioning tests
- Liver functioning tests
- Serum electrolyte test
- Electrocardiogram
- Blood phosphate levels.
Normal range: 135 to 145 mmol/L
Interpretation of test results:
Causes of Hypernatremia:
- Cushing syndrome
- Dehydration
- Diabetes insipidus
- Rich-salt diet
Causes of hyponatremia:
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Kidney disease
- Addison’s disease
- Heart failure
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Use of diuretics