OVERVIEW:
Sputum is the thick mucus that is expelled from the lower respiratory tract which includes bronchi and lungs through coughing, it is not saliva or spit. Care must be taken in the sample collection process to ensure that the sample is from the lower airways and not the upper respiratory tract.
- How is the test performed?
Sputum samples are obtained by coughing up the sputum and collecting it in a sterile cup provided by the laboratory.
- Is any test preparation required before the test?
Rinse mouth out with water prior to collection to remove loose cells in the mouth.
- Is there any risk associated with this test?
No risk is associated with the test.
- What is the difference between tuberculosis and pneumonia?
Tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial disease while pneumonia is not contagious.
- What is the difference between a smear and a culture test?
A smear is a microscopic examination of bacteria on a slide whereas, a culture test is the growth of bacteria on different substances.
WHAT DOES THE TEST MEASURE?
Sputum culture detects the presence of any microorganism present in the sample. The sample is sent to a laboratory, few tests are done on the sample to determine if the growth is a bacterium, a virus, or a fungus. The findings can indicate the cause of cough and the final report is then delivered to the patient.
WHY GET TESTED?
Certain harmful bacteria, viruses, or fungi can cause respiratory conditions. This test can detect what could be the cause of cough. Following are the causes of respiratory inflammation:
- Bronchitis
- Lung abscess
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Chronic restrictive pulmonary disease
- Cystic fibrosis
