Prescription Required
It is primarily indicated for treating Diabetes Mellitus type 2 and for prevention of diabetes. Orphan: Poly cyctic Ovary Syndrome. The molecule has been known to regulate triglyceride and LDL chloestrol level and has been found to be useful as weight reducing agent.
It is responsible for reducing glucose absorption and enhancing insulin cell sensitivity.
Strength: 1gm
Form: xr tablet
Dosing interval: 8-24 Hr
Maximum Dose: 2550 mg/day is well tolerated.
Dialyzable:Yes
Type 2 Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Immediate Release: 500mg twice daily or 850mg per day then, 500mg three times a day. Extended Release: Glucophage XR: 500mg daily; titrate 500mg daily every week. Poly Cystic Ovary syndrome: 1-2g every day orally
Risk of Lactic acidosis; Avoid)
In patients with eGFR (glomerular filteration rates less than30ml/min/1.73m2 it is contraindicated. However, in patients eGFR 30-45ml/min/1.73m2 the therapy is not recommended.
Research on animals showed no effect and no human research was conducted. Or research on animals have shown some degree of effect but human research did not show any effects.
The medicine has shown studies that it enters mothers milk and hence not recommended.
Lactic Acidosis (black Box Warning). May cause ovulation in premenopausal women. May impair B12 and Ca absorption (monitor closely).
Time of onset: It is known to produce the action within 1-3 hours of administration as per researches conducted.
Tmax: For immediate release tablets the volume of distribution is known to be 650 Liters
Bioavailability: 50-60% (fasting condition)
Protein Binding : It is least bound to protein after administration as per studies.
Elimination Half Life (t1/2): 6 Hr
Metabolism: Not by Liver
Volume of Distribution (Vd): For immediate release tablets the volume of distribution is known to be 650 Liters
There has not been any metabolites identified as it is reported that metformin is not metabolized.
This medicine is indicated in maturity onset diabetes either alone or with sulphonylureas. It is also used as adjuvant therapy in insulin dependent diabetes, particularly in obese patients.
GI upset, taste disturbance, abnormal liver function tests, hepatitis (inflammatory condition of liver), skin reactions, reduced B12 absorption are some of its side effects. Rarely it may cause lactic acidosis (buildup of lactate causing acidic pH of blood stream).
This medicine is contraindicated in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (life threatening condition in which liver breaks down fats into ketones for energy) or precoma (a state of near unconsciousness), renal (kidney) or hepatic (liver) impairment, acute conditions predisposing to renal impairment, cardiac or respiratory failure, recent myocardial infarction (heart attack), alcoholism and in patients with administration of iodinated contrast materials.
This medicine should be taken with food.
Metformin works in two ways; It helps to stop the liver producing new glucose. It helps to overcome insulin resistance by making insulin carry glucose into muscle cells more effectively
Avoid this medication if:
Consult your doctor if:
Be careful about:
Please avoid consuming alcohol when taking this medicine.
This medicine is safe to use in pregnant females. No evidence of risk found.
This medicine is contraindicated in lactating females.
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