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Angina
Description
Angina, also known as Angina Pectoris, is a condition characterized by chest pain and severe discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart. It is frequently described as heaviness, tightness, and squeezing feeling in the chest.
It may be a symptom of coronary artery disease (heart disease).
Furthermore, the Angina types include:
- Stable Angina: Mostly triggered by strenuous, sometimes average, physical activity. Other factors include emotional stress, heavy meals, smoking, and severe temperatures
- Unstable Angina: partially or entirely occluded blood vessels due to a blood vessel rupture or blood clot. Often does not respond to anti-anginal medications and rest. May worsen and progress to a heart attack.
- Prinzmetal’s Angina: Temporarily reduced blood flow to the heart due to sudden spasm of the blood vessels. Frequently occurs at rest and overnight. May be triggered by smoking, emotional stress, and certain medicines.
Causes
Angina primarily occurs because of reduced blood flow to the heart muscle; the heart receives an inadequate supply of oxygen and other essential nutrients.
Following are the other causes:
- Coronary Artery Disease: reduced blood supply to the heart due to vessel damage
- Excessive physical activity
- Fatty deposits in the vessel which cause occlusion
- Blood vessel rupture
Risk factors
The following are the risk factors:
- Lack of physical activity
- Unhealthy eating habits
- Overweight or obesity
- Smoking
- High cholesterol levels
- Diabetes
- Old age
- Male gender
- Family history
- Post-menopause in women
- Severe mental illness
- Certain medications
Symptoms
The following are the symptoms:
- Chest pain
- Feeling of fullness
- Peripheral pain (pain in extremities, such as hands and feet)
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath or breathing difficulties
- Sweating
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of Angina is made when a doctor examines the patient physically, checks relevant symptoms, and performs certain lab tests, such as blood tests, Electrocardiogram (ECG) (test checking heart activity), chest X-ray, Computerized Tomography Scan (CT scan), coronary CT angiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), coronary angiography, and echocardiogram (heart test using ultrasound waves).
Management
Following is the management:
- Regular and directed use of prescribed medicines
- Lifestyle changes
- Angioplasty (not for all patients)
- Stenting (medical procedure)
- Coronary bypass surgery
Please consult your doctor for further information.
When to consult a doctor?
Early diagnosis can lead to effective and successful treatment. If your symptoms do not improve within 10 days, or you experience any of the symptoms mentioned, such as breathlessness or sudden onset of severe pain, please see a doctor.
Available Medicine for Angina
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