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Pain
Description
Pain is a general term used to describe a distressing feeling, uncomfortable sensation, and an unpleasant physical or emotional experience. Pain is classified on the basis of location, duration, nature, and intensity. Pain can be associated with a lot of other factors and pain can also be the only manifestation of an underlying disease. Pain is a helpful tool in diagnosing a disease. Certain types of pain have physical as well as mental manifestations, whereas, some other type might only be associated with either physical or mental symptoms.
Causes
Pain can be acute or chronic.
Acute pain is caused by injury, surgery, illness, trauma or painful medical procedures. It serves as a warning of disease or a threat to the body. It generally lasts for a short period of time, and usually disappears when the underlying cause has been treated or has healed.
Pain may go on for weeks, months or even years. This is called chronic pain. Sometimes chronic pain is due to an ongoing cause, such as cancer or arthritis, postsurgical pain, post-trauma pain, neurogenic pain (pain caused by nerve damage), psychogenic pain (pain that isn’t caused by disease, injury or nerve). Many a times the cause is unknown and is very specific.
Some other common causes of pain include:
- Headache,
- Stomachache,
- Muscle strain,
- Menstrual cramps,
- Cuts,
- Arthritis (inflammation of joints),
- Bone fractures,
- Impaction of teeth,
- Carious lesion involving the root of a tooth.
Some systemic diseases that cause pain include:
- Rheumatoid arthritis,
- Lupus erythematosus,
- Myasthenia gravis,
- Juvenile arthritis,
- Ankylosing spondylitis,
- Gout,
- Osteo arthritis.
Risk factors
Some prominent risk factors of pain are:
- Old age,
- Obesity,
- Race,
- Genetics,
- Previous injury,
- Childhood trauma,
- Stress,
- Smoking,
- Working at a place that requires extreme physical activity,
- Malnutrition.
Symptoms
The person may feel pain in the affected area of the body, such as your back, abdomen, chest, or pelvis.
Pain can be helpful in diagnosing a problem. Without pain, you might hurt yourself. In the absence of pain, you may also not realize about the underlying problems in the body. Following are the signs and symptoms that occur along with pain:
- restlessness
- crying
- moaning and groaning
- grimacing
- resistance to care
- reduced social interactions
- increased wandering
- not eating
- sleeping problems
Diagnosis
Diagnosing the source of a pain can often depend on the patient's own descriptions. There are scales to help identify a likely underlying cause.
- the character of all pains felt by the patient, such as burning, stinging, or stabbing
- the site, quality, and radiation of pain, or where the pain is felt, what it feels like, and how far it feels like it spreads
- what factors aggravate and relieve the pain
- when the pain occurs throughout the day
- the impact on the person's daily function and mood
- the person's understanding of their pain
Management
Management of pain includes administration of pain-relieving medicines, physical therapies such as heat or cold packs and exercise, psychological therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy and meditation, mind, and body techniques such as acupuncture, occupational therapy, and community support groups.
When to consult a doctor?
You are advised to consult a doctor if your pain worsens, there is no improvement in your condition, there is a general feeling of uneasiness, and you start experiencing new side effects from the medicines that you are taking.
Available Medicine for Pain
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